This layer also contains lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers, and touch receptors called the Meissner corpuscles. Clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss. In addition, the papillary layer contains phagocytes, defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs. A great resource for students of both middle and high school science. What determines the color of skin, and what is the process that darkens skin when it is exposed to UV light? The pigment melanin, produced by melanocytes, is primarily responsible for skin color. Receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch. With a prolonged reduction in oxygen levels, dark red deoxyhemoglobin becomes dominant in the blood, making the skin appear blue, a condition referred to as cyanosis (kyanos is the Greek word for "blue"). The stratum spinosum is composed of eight to 10 layers of keratinocytes, formed as a result of cell division in the stratum basale (Figure 5. Integumentary system quiz answers. In addition, collagen binds water to keep the skin hydrated. The keratinocytes in these layers are mostly dead and flattened. The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system (derma- = "skin"), as distinct from the epidermis (epi- = "upon" or "over") and hypodermis (hypo- = "below").
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Integumentary System Worksheet Answers Pdf.Fr
Teach students about the human body integumentary system using this free print and digital lesson. Fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis. This FREE science text will teach students about the hair, nails, skin, and oil and sweat glands. Describe the role of melanocytes in skin pigmentation. Link] If you zoom on the cells of the stratum spinosum, what is distinctive about them? The topmost layer, the stratum corneum, consists of dead cells that shed periodically and is progressively replaced by cells formed from the basal layer. View the University of Michigan WebScope at to explore the tissue sample in greater detail. It does not have any blood vessels within it (i. e., it is avascular). Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf free. Fingerprints are unique to each individual and are used for forensic analyses because the patterns do not change with the growth and aging processes. Granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum. The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name.
Integumentary System Worksheet Quizlet
Comprehension questions and graphic organizers are also included. There are usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneum. Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf download. Pigment that determines the color of hair and skin. This happens when the oxygen supply is restricted, as when someone is experiencing difficulty in breathing because of asthma or a heart attack. The skin is composed of two major layers: a superficial epidermis and a deeper dermis.
Integumentary System Worksheet Answers Pdf Free
The full video is 45 minutes long. The nuclei and other cell organelles disintegrate as the cells die, leaving behind the keratin, keratohyalin, and cell membranes that form the stratum lucidum and the stratum corneum. This stored fat can serve as an energy reserve, insulate the body to prevent heat loss, and act as a cushion to protect underlying structures from trauma. The stratum basale is a single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells. Coloring in the sketch notes reinforces the learned concepts by activating both sides of the brain. Cells of the epidermis derive from stem cells of the stratum basale. The cells (three to five layers deep) become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin, which is fibrous, and keratohyalin, which accumulates as lamellar granules within the cells (see Figure 5. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale skin. These two proteins make up the bulk of the keratinocyte mass in the stratum granulosum and give the layer its grainy appearance. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer. Dermal papillae push up on the epidermis creating unique epidermal ridge patterns. A word bank is included, which can be removed to make the worksheet more challenging. The entire layer is replaced during a period of about 4 weeks.
Integumentary System Worksheet Answers Pdf Download
These cells are densely packed with eleiden, a clear protein rich in lipids, derived from keratohyalin, which gives these cells their transparent (i. e., lucid) appearance and provides a barrier to water. Melanin is transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum to protect cells from UV rays. The more sunlight, the more UV protection, but the compromise is that with increased melanin there is a decrease in vitamin D produced. The questions are fill-in the-blank, true or false, and multiple choice. As the name suggests, the stratum spinosum is spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome. In a growing fetus, fingerprints form where the cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis meets the papillae of the underlying dermal layer (papillary layer), resulting in the formation of the ridges on your fingers that you recognize as fingerprints.
Integumentary System Quiz Answers
Interspersed among the keratinocytes of this layer is a type of dendritic cell called the Langerhans cell, which functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damaged cells that occur in this layer. Reproductive System11. Circulatory System7. Too much sun exposure can eventually lead to wrinkling due to the destruction of the cellular structure of the skin, and in severe cases, can cause sufficient DNA damage to result in skin cancer. Organisms and environments. The cells in all of the layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, which make up about 95% of all epidermal cells. In addition, students will learn how each part helps the human body. This ABC video follows the story of a pair of fraternal African-American twins, one of whom is albino. Link] These cells do not have nuclei, so you can deduce that they are dead. The stratum basale (also called the stratum germinativum) is the deepest epidermal layer and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis. Learning Objectives.
A keratinocyte is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and is superficial to the hypodermics. Individuals with darker skin have darker, more abundant melanin, whereas fair-skinned individuals have a lighter shade of skin and less melanin. Which ethnicities do you think are exempt from the possibility of albinism? Type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties.
Tumors of the pituitary gland can result in the secretion of large amounts of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which results in a darkening of the skin. Layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes. Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness, strength, and water-resistant properties. Unstained epidermis samples do not exhibit this characteristic appearance. To explore the tissue sample in greater detail.
Although neither is fatal, it would be hard to claim that they are benign, at least to the individuals so afflicted. The stratum basale also contains melanocytes, cells that produce melanin, the pigment primarily responsible for giving skin its color. Deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells. Neither albinism nor vitiligo directly affects the lifespan of an individual. The stratum granulosum has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. Fascia is a thick connective tissue wrapping that surrounds skeletal muscles anchoring them to surrounding tissues and investing groups of muscles. The color of skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Schaum's Outline of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Edition.