Unstained epidermis samples do not exhibit this characteristic appearance. Treatment of this disorder usually involves addressing the symptoms, such as limiting UV light exposure to the skin and eyes. The epidermis is avascular and cells of this layer must get their oxygen and nutrients from capillaries in the dermis. Melanin comes in different shades of brown and black. Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf to word. Students will learn about the parts and functions of the integumentary system. Where the fat is deposited and accumulates within the hypodermis depends on hormones (testosterone, estrogen, insulin, glucagon, leptin, and others), as well as genetic factors. The keratinocytes that compose the stratum lucidum are dead and flattened (see Figure 5. The cells in this layer can still be anchored to each other by desmosomes which is why the peeling that occurs with a sunburn peels the damaged epidermal layers in one sheet. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. This layer makes up around 80% of the dermis and is well vascularized and has a rich sensory and sympathetic nerve supply. Organisms and environments.
Integumentary System Worksheet Answers Pdf Version
Moles are larger masses of melanocytes, and although most are benign, they should be monitored for changes that might indicate the presence of cancer (Figure 5. The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system (derma- = "skin"), as distinct from the epidermis (epi- = "upon" or "over") and hypodermis (hypo- = "below"). A finger-like projection, or fold, known as the dermal papilla (plural = dermal papillae) is found in the superficial portion of the dermis. The defect is primarily due to the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin. Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf.fr. Therefore, its accuracy as a health indicator can be called into question in individuals who are extremely physically fit. In addition, the papillary layer contains phagocytes, defensive cells that help fight bacteria or other infections that have breached the skin. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that compose an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts (Figure 5. They appear to be sloughing off. The cells become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin. What are the basic functions of each of these layers?
The stratum basale (also called the stratum germinativum) is the deepest epidermal layer and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. Everyday Connection – Lipid Storage. As the stratum basale continues to produce new cells, the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum are pushed into the stratum granulosum. Cells of the epidermis derive from stem cells of the stratum basale. The second is a melanocyte, a cell that produces the pigment melanin. It does not have any blood vessels within it (i. Integumentary system worksheet answers pdf version. e., it is avascular). The skin and its accessory structures make up the integumentary system, which provides the body with overall protection. Two other cell types are found dispersed among the basal cells in the stratum basale. The stratum corneum is the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment (see Figure 5. Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense irregular connective tissue which resists forces in many directions attributing to the flexibility of the skin. This increased melanin accumulation protects the DNA of epidermal cells from UV ray damage and the breakdown of folic acid, a nutrient necessary for our health and well-being.
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Outermost tissue layer of the skin. Link] If you zoom on the cells at the outermost layer of this section of skin, what do you notice about the cells? Directions: Answer the following questions about the eleven (11) human body systems that we have discussed. As the cells move into the stratum spinosum, they begin the synthesis of keratin and extend cell processes, desmosomes, which link the cells.
Elastin fibers provide some elasticity to the skin, enabling movement. Layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits. Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness, strength, and water-resistant properties. The cells (three to five layers deep) become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin, which is fibrous, and keratohyalin, which accumulates as lamellar granules within the cells (see Figure 5. In addition, collagen binds water to keep the skin hydrated. You may use both your notes and textbook to answer questions. Although you may not typically think of the skin as an organ, it is in fact made of tissues that work together as a single structure to perform unique and critical functions. This dry, dead layer helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, and provides a mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers. The body mass index (BMI) is often used as a measure of fat, although this measure is, in fact, derived from a mathematical formula that compares body weight (mass) to height. Give three main functions of each of the human body systems below:1.
Integumentary System Worksheet Answers Pdf 1
From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. These cells are especially abundant on the surfaces of the hands and feet. Receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch. This leads to a loss of color in patches (Figure 5. Watch this video to learn about the challenges these children and their family face. The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue (Figure 5. The keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum begin the synthesis of keratin and release a water-repelling glycolipid that helps prevent water loss from the body, making the skin relatively waterproof. Respiratory System8. Learning Objectives. To explore the tissue sample in greater detail. Like this free human body lesson? The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from the deeper layers (Figure 5.
Although periodic accumulation of excess fat may have provided an evolutionary advantage to our ancestors, who experienced unpredictable bouts of famine, it is now becoming chronic and considered a major health threat. This Crossword Puzzle Set of 10 package is great for vocabulary building and is used at the end of each one of my units as a post test activity. Similarly, Addison's disease can stimulate the release of excess amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which can give the skin a deep bronze color. Tumors of the pituitary gland can result in the secretion of large amounts of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which results in a darkening of the skin. S. Aligns with TEKS 7. It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. It has a fifth layer, called the stratum lucidum, located between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum (Figure 5. Accessory structures, hair, glands, and nails, are found associated with the skin.
Integumentary System Worksheet Answers Pdf.Fr
The stratum basale is a single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells. This ABC video follows the story of a pair of fraternal African-American twins, one of whom is albino. Liver disease or liver cancer can cause the accumulation of bile and the yellow pigment bilirubin, leading to the skin appearing yellow or jaundiced (jaune is the French word for "yellow"). With a prolonged reduction in oxygen levels, dark red deoxyhemoglobin becomes dominant in the blood, making the skin appear blue, a condition referred to as cyanosis (kyanos is the Greek word for "blue"). These two proteins make up the bulk of the keratinocyte mass in the stratum granulosum and give the layer its grainy appearance.
There is a dynamic interplay between the amount of protection from UV radiation that melanin provides and the amount of vitamin D produced. However, in these cases the effect on skin color has nothing do with the skin's pigmentation. Most superficial layer of the epidermis. The second page is a worksheet where students are asked to describe each system in three works, explain why it is important, and hypothesize about what would happen to the human body if that body system did not work.
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Eumelanin exists as black and brown, whereas pheomelanin provides a red color. A sudden drop in oxygenation can affect skin color, causing the skin to initially turn ashen (white). Changes in lifestyle, specifically in diet and exercise, are the best ways to control body fat accumulation, especially when it reaches levels that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes. The questions are fill-in the-blank, true or false, and multiple choice. This layer also contains lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers, and touch receptors called the Meissner corpuscles. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. Melanosomes are temporary structures that are eventually destroyed by fusion with lysosomes; this fact, along with melanin-filled keratinocytes in the stratum corneum sloughing off, makes tanning impermanent.
There are usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneum.
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